酶催化合成氯乙酸邻硝基苄酯的研究
酶催化合成氯乙酸邻硝基苄酯的研究(任务书,开题报告,外文翻译,论文9000字)
摘 要
氯乙酸硝基苄酯及其衍生物是一类重要的生物医药中间体，也可以用来作为确定蛋白酶中含有酯类催化结构的抑制剂。目前已报道的该类化合物均为化学法合成，以酰基化法居多，其反应条件苛刻，后处理较难，污染环境。与化学法相比，以脂肪酶作为催化剂催化氯乙酸与硝基苄醇的酯化反应，具有工艺简单、反应条件温和、副反应少等优点，符合当今“绿色化学”发展要求。
本文以Novozym435脂肪酶为催化剂，在摇床传质作用下，合成氯乙酸邻硝基苄酯。对影响该酶催化反应的诸因素, 如溶剂、温度、反应时间和摇床转速等，分别进行了考察, 并对反应条件进行优化; 结果确定：用20mL甲苯为溶剂，反应10h，摇床转速为180rpm，反应温度50℃，Novozym435脂肪酶、邻硝基苄醇和氯乙酸的浓度分别为3.4g•L-1、5g•L-1和6.2g•L-1，其酯化率约为30%。
关键词：氯乙酸邻硝基苄酯 脂肪酶 动力学 合成
ABSTRACT
Nitrobenzyl chloroacetate and its derivatives is an important sort of bio-pharmaceutical intermediates. They also can be used as inhibitors detecting the structure of ester catalysis in the protease. These compounds were synthesized by chemical methods. Especially acylation was the most important one, which have been reported so far. But this method has many disadvantages, such as hard reaction conditions, difficult to post-processing, and environmental pollution. Compared with the traditional chemical method, the synthesis of nitrobenzyl chloroacetate by the reaction of nitrobenzyl alcohol and monochloroacetic acid with using immobilized lipase as catalyst has many advantages, and is more in line with the present requirements of “green chemistry”, because of its simple processes, mild reaction conditions and less side reactions.
In this paper, nitrobenzyl chloroacetate was synthesized by the reaction of relative isomer of nitrobenzyl alcohol and monochloroacetic acid with using Novozym435 lipase as catalyst, and operated by swing bed. The influence factors were studied, such as the solvent used, the reaction temperature, the reaction time and speed of swing bed. The reaction conditions were optimized, for 4-nitrobenzyl chloroacetate they were： 20mL toluene as solvent, 5g•L-1 of 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 6.2g•L-1 of monochloroacetic acid, 3.4g•L-1 of Novozym435 lipase concentrations, 180 rpm of speed of swing bed, 50℃ of reaction temperature and 10h of reaction time, 2-nitrobenzyl chloroacetate yield of 30 %.
KEYWORDS：nitrobenzyl chloroacetate；lipase；kinetics；synthesize.
目 录
摘要 I
目录 II
第一章 综述 1
1.1 脂肪酶 1
1.1.1脂肪酶的性质 1
1.1.2 脂肪酶的主要用途 2
1.2非水相体系中酶催化反应 2
1.2.1 非水相酶学的发展概况与现状 2
1.2.2 有机相体系中的酶催化反应 2
第二章 实验 4
2.1实验试剂与仪器 4
2.1.1 实验试剂 4
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2.1.2 实验仪器 5
2.2实验方法 5
2.2.1 溶剂脱水 5
2.2.2 分子筛干燥 5
2.2.3 氯乙酸硝基苄酯的合成 5
2.2.4 最适反应条件的选择 6
2.3 分析方法 6
2.3.1 薄层层析色谱(TLC) 6
2.3.2 高效液相色谱(HPLC) 7
第三章 试验结果与讨论 9
3.1 底物摩尔比对反应的影响 9
3.2 硝基苄醇浓度对反应的影响 10
3.3 反应时间对反应的影响 11
3.4 温度对反应的影响 11
3.5 酶浓度对反应的影响 13
3.6 摇床转速对反应的影响 14
第四章 结论与展望 14
4.1 结论 14
4.1.1 氯乙酸硝基苄酯的反应条件的优化 15
4.2 展望 15
参考文献 15
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