内容简介
中文2800字，英文2100个
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Tuzla隧道大部分位于断层带上，主要是页岩和石灰岩，采用传统的开挖方法——TBM法开挖。断层带的页岩主要是由亚黏土和角砾岩组成，而石灰岩主要呈块状结构。岩石强度等级，岩石类别，支护结构等关于Tuzla隧道的断层带的资料不足以解释隧道的变形，也没有找到一台合适的机械。加之，岩脉走向，断层带破裂面以及地下水的存在，在开挖过程中也导致了一些问题。关于Tuzla隧道的断层带最重要的是采用了TBM法开挖。隧道开挖之前就已经探明围岩质量低于平均水平。因此，在软弱围岩中开挖的隧道采用TBM法开挖是经济的。然而，在开挖过程中遇到断层带围岩越来越差，这样的围岩大概占隧道总长度的70%。断层带对掘进机刀盘产生了干扰，隧道掘进方向的偏差。在这方面，隧道掘进机法开挖是成问题的。在断层带遇到的土质问题要求在这条隧道中采用特殊的（开挖）方法。
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通过这些方法，通过改变隧道影响区域内断层带非均匀的地层为均匀地层，成功地完成了隧道的开挖和支护。 [资料来源：https://www.doc163.com]
关键词：TBM；断层带；岩石强度等级 [资料来源：http://www.doc163.com]
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Abstract
The Tuzla tunnel was excavated mainly in fault zones, shale and limestones using the conventional and shielded tunnel boring machine (TBM) methods. Fault zones in shales are brecciaed and clayey, while those in limestones are of blocky structure. The rock mass rating, rock mass classification and support systems proposed for fault zones in Tuzla tunnel are insufficient for explaining the deformation and failure mechanisms encountered in the tunnel. In addition, dyke exposures, the fault-collapsed karstic system and groundwater also caused some problems during the excavation of the tunnel. The most important event relevant to fault zones in the Tuzla tunnel was the selection of a TBM. Before the excavation of the tunnel, the rock was determined to be of poor to fair quality. Therefore, tunneling with a TBM in rock of poor to fair quality was thought to be economic. However, during the excavation, fault zones with poor to very poor rock characteristics were encountered along an area comprising 70% of the tunnel length. The fault zones caused jamming of the TBM cutter and deviation from the tunnel alignment. In this respect, tunneling with the TBM method was quite problematic. Geotechnical problems encountered in the fault zones required special measures to be taken in the tunnel. With these measures, excavation and supporting of the tunnel were completed successfully by transforming heterogeneous conditions in the fault zones to homogeneous conditions in the tunnel impact area.
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Keywords: Tunnel boring machine; Fault zones; Rock mass rating
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