含软弱夹层的露天矿边坡稳定性研究

含软弱夹层的露天矿边坡稳定性研究(任务书,开题报告,论文22000字)
摘  要
某石灰岩露天矿边坡的主要岩层是灰色灰岩和深灰色灰岩。岩体内还存在一条软弱夹层，目前软弱夹层已经出露在边坡台阶上，这对边坡稳定性有一定的影响，需要对边坡的稳定性进行研究。
本文首先通过工程地质报告确定了具体的研究区域：NE~SW长向边坡。然后通过室内岩石力学试验获取相关的岩石强度指标。结合工程地质报告和岩石强度指标，分析了边坡稳定性的影响因素。经过现场地质调查后，最终确定最主要影响因素为软弱夹层。为研究软弱夹层的影响，本文引入了正交试验法，采用数值模拟软件 进行计算。以边坡安全系数为判据，分析了软弱夹层五个参数：倾角、厚度、粘聚力、内摩擦角、与坡脚的距离对边坡的稳定性的影响。最后对开采现状边坡和开采终了边坡的稳定性进行分析。结论如下：
（1）粘聚力对边坡稳定性的影响最大，与坡脚距离的影响次之，内摩擦角的影响较小，倾角的影响更小，厚度的影响最小。由于厚度的影响比其他因素小的多，可以不作为主要影响因素。在主要影响因素中：随着粘聚力减小，与边坡脚距离减小，内摩擦角减小，倾角增大，边坡的安全系数会变小。
（2）开采现状边坡的安全系数是2.20，远大于控制标准。开采终了边坡的安全系数是1.20，略大于控制标准，需要进一步分析。根据位移云图和应力云图，开采终了边坡整体稳定，但软弱夹层在台阶出露位置局部不稳。为消除隐患，提出了设截水沟、排水沟和注浆加固等措施，并对边坡进行监测。

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关键词：软弱夹层 边坡 安全系数 稳定性分析
 
Abstract
The slope rock mass of open-pit mine contains gray limestone and black with flint limestone.There is a weak interlayer in rock mass. The weak interlayer is exposed on the slope step, which has a certain influence on the stability of the slope.Therefore, it’s necessary to study the stability of the slope.
  In this paper, we first determine the specific research area by the engineering geologic investigation report: NE~SW long side slope.Then，the index of rock mechanics strength were obtained through laboratory tests.On the basis of the engineering geological report and the index of rock mechanics strength, the influence factors of slope stability are analyzed. At last，we find the main influencing factors are weak interlayer according to field geologic survey.In order to study the influence of the weak interlayer, the orthogonal test method was introduced, and the numerical simulation was carried out by using the finite difference software  .This paper selected 5 factors：dip，thickness，cohesion and internal friction angle of weak interlayers as well as the distance between weak interlayer and slope toe. With the slope safety factor as the criterion, the influence degree of each factor on the stability of the slope is analyzed.At last, the paper analyses the slope stability of the present and expiry periods.The results are as follows:
（1）The cohesion has the greatest influence,the distance second,the internal friction angle third,the dip is smaller,the thickness has the minimum influence.Because the thickness of the weak interlayer is the least, it can not be the main influencing factor. In the main influencing factors: Along with the increase of dip and the decrease of the cohesion，the internal friction angle and the distance, the safety factor of the slope becomes smaller.
（2）The safety factor of the slope at present is 2.20, which is far greater than the control standard which is 1.15.The safety factor of the slope at expiry periods is 1.20, which is slightly larger than the control standard, and it needs further analysis.According to the displacement contour and the stress contour, the whole slope is stable, but the weak interlayer is not stable in the step of the slope.In order to eliminate the hidden danger, the measures such as intercepting ditch, drainage ditch and grouting reinforcement are put forward, and the monitoring of the slope is carried out.
Key words: weak interlayer; slope; The safety factor; stability analysis
 
目  录
摘  要    I
Abstract    II
目  录    III
第1章 绪论    1
1.1 目的和意义    1
1.2 国内外研究现状    2
1.2.1 边坡稳定性研究现状    2
1.2.2 含软弱夹层边坡研究现状    3
1.3 研究内容    4
第2章 露天矿边坡工程地质背景    5
2.1 工程背景    5
2.2 矿山地质    5
2.2.1 矿区地质概况    5
2.2.2 研究区域确定    6
2.3 边坡岩体相关强度参数    6
2.3.1 灰岩物理力学参数    6
2.3.2 软弱夹层岩体参数    9
2.3.3 岩体参数汇总    9
2.4 本章小结    10
第3章 边坡稳定性影响因素    11
3.1岩石性质    11

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3.1.1矿物成分及结构构造    11
3.1.2岩石物理性质    11
3.1.3NE~SW长向边坡岩石性质    11
3.2岩体结构    12
3.2.1结构面特性    12
3.2.2结构面成因类型    12
3.2.3软弱夹层组数    13
3.2.4软弱夹层起伏度和粗糙度    13
3.2.5软弱夹层闭合状态及充填物    14
3.2.6软弱夹层的产状    15
3.2.7NE~SW长向边坡岩体结构    16
3.3边坡形态    16
3.3.1边坡外形    16
3.3.2边坡高度与坡度    16
3.3.3NE~SW长向边坡形态    17
3.4地下水    17
3.4.1静水压力和浮托力    17
3.4.2动水压力（或称渗透力）    19
3.4.3水对岩体的软化作用    19
3.4.4NE~SW边坡的地下水作用    20
3.5爆破和地震    20
3.5.1应力波对边坡岩体的破坏作用    20 [来源：http://Doc163.com]
3.5.2振动速度对边坡岩体的破坏作用    20
3.5.3NE~SW边坡的爆破和地震作用    21
3.6 本章小结    21
第4章 软弱夹层对边坡稳定性影响规律分析    22
4.1 理论基础    22
4.1.1 安全系数    22
4.1.2 强度折减法    23
4.2 正交试验设计    24
4.2.1 正交试验法    24
4.2.2 因素及水平    25
4.3 基于 模型的构建    25
4.3.1      25
4.3.2 模型的建立    25
4.3.3 网格划分和边界荷载    27
4.4 正交试验结果与分析    27
4.5 本章小结    30
第5章 露天矿边坡稳定性分析及防护    31
5.1边坡安全系数控制标准    31
5.2 数值模拟计算    32
5.2.1 开采现状边坡稳定性分析    32
5.2.2 设计开采终了边坡稳定性分析    34
5.3 边坡防治    37
5.3.1 注浆加固    38
5.3.2 防排水    38
5.4 边坡监测    38
5.5 本章小结    39
第6章 结论    40
参考文献    41
致  谢    44

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