不改变语言的前提下推进Java演进

不改变语言的前提下推进Java演进(中文3300字,英文2600字)
James Gosling在“The Feel of Java”中说过：Java是一种蓝领语言，它并不是博士的论文材料而是可以完成工作上的语言。很多不同的程序员都非常熟悉Java，因为我有一种趋势去选择普及的东西，这是一个不错的选择。
Java的这种成功证明了它的这种方法是正确的，如果Java今天仍然以这个为目标，那么它的语言演进将变得很缓慢。Java作为一个成熟，使用广泛的语言也将导致其演进过程充满了困难。一方面，每个特性添加到语言中都有可能造成不可预知到后果，这么做会疏远那些熟悉Java的人，另一方面，本身很完美的特性可能在与其他特性进行交互时产生未知的影响。更糟的是，一旦增加了某个语言特性，几乎就不可能再将它移除，即使这个特性会对整个语言产生危害也没办法。语言设计者为了证明某个特性是正确的，应该从长远的角度来考虑，不应该在短期内解决这个问题，而之后就变成了多余的。为了降低风险，语言设计者一般会创建单独的一种语言或者分支来进行试验，比如Pizza语言就是在完成前用来测试Java泛型的。这种方式的问题在于试验的参与者是比较少的人群，并且是自愿的。他们对语言特性很感兴趣，很多人是学者或者研究员。但是，在普通的程序员使用这些特性时，那些学者或是研究员认为很好的特性可能变得很糟。

Evolving Java Without Changing the Language
In "The Feel of Java" James Gosling stated that: Java is a blue collar language. It's not PhD thesis material but a language for a job. Java feels very familiar to many different programmers because I had a very strong tendency to prefer things that had been used a lot over things that just sounded like a good idea.
The extraordinary success of Java offers weight to the notion that this was a sensible approach, and if it remains an important goal for Java today, then it makes sense that the language should continue to evolve relatively slowly. In addition to this, the fact that Java is a mature, widely used language causes its evolution to be fraught with difficulty. For one thing, each feature added to the language can change the way it feels in subtle and often unpredictable ways, risking alienating developers who have already adopted it as their language of choice.