直线度公差的误差评定方法研究

直线度公差的误差评定方法研究(任务书,开题报告,外文翻译,论文11000字,答辩PPT)
摘  要
形状公差是单一被测实际要素的形状对其理想要素所允许的变动量。形状公差用形状公差带表示。形状公差带是限制单一实际要素变动的区域，零件实际要素在该区域内为合格。形状公差的大小用公差带的宽度或直径来表示，由形状公差直来决定。形状公差有直线度、平面度、圆度、圆柱度、无基准线轮廓度和面轮廓度6个项目。直线度公差主要分为给定平面内、给定方向上和任意方向上。在给定平面内，公差带是距离为公差值t的两平行直线之间的区域；在给定方向上，公差带是距离为公差值t的两平行平面之间的区域；在任意方向上，公差带是直径为公差值t的圆柱面内的区域。本文将对对直线度误差的各种评定方法进行分析。
直线度误差的评定方法主要包括包容线法、两端点连线法和最小二乘法。最小区域法就是找出包容误差曲线的许多对两两平行的直线中，纵坐标距离最小的一对包容平行线，从而得出直线度误差。最小二乘法是用最小二乘线作为基准直线来计算各测点对其的偏差值,其中最大正偏差与最大负偏差之差为直线度误差值。两端点连线法就是将采样点的首尾两点的连线作为评定基准（理想直线），取各测点相对于它的偏离值中的最大值与最小值之差作为直线度误差。本文将深入分析这三种直线度误差的评定方法，并通过具体实验用三种方法进行直线度误差的评定，而且对这三种方法进行深入全面的比较。

同时本文将分析和研究直线度误差评定的一些算法，弄清直线度误差评定算
法的原理，并建立直线度误差评定的数学模型，对于最小二乘法和两端点连线法做简单的介绍，主要研究包容线法，幷基于包容线法建立数学模型。
关键词：直线度 两端点连线法  最小二乘法
 
The Research of Straightness tolerance of error evaluation
Abstract
 Form tolerance is measured changes in the quality of single elements of the actual shape of the ideal elements allowed. Form tolerance uses the shape of the tolerance zone to represent it.  The shape of tolerance zone is to limit changes in the practical elements of asingle region. Part practical elements in the region is qualified. The size of the tolerances on shape use tolerance band width or diameter to represent it. It consists of a straight shape tolerances to decide. Form tolerances are straightness, flatness, roundness, cylindrical, non-degree reference line silhouette and Surface Profile 6 items. Straightness tolerance is divided into a given plane, in a given direction and in any direction. In a given plane, the tolerance zone is the distance tolerance value t of the area between the two parallel lines; In a given direction, the tolerance band is the distance from the tolerance values of t the region between two parallel planes; In any direction, with a diameter tolerance value t is the tolerance region within the cylindrical faces. This article will  analysis for a variety of straightness error evaluation method .
Straightness error evaluation methods include the method of inclusive line, the method of the two end points of the connection and the method of least squares. Tolerance zone method is to find the minimum error curve of two parallel many of the lines of the two, the ordinate a minimum distance parallel to inclusive, so as to arrive straightness errors. The method of least squares is to use the squares line as a datum line to calculate the deviation of each measuring point to one of the most dazheng deviation and the difference between the largest negative deviation for straightness error value. Two end points of the connection method is to sample points and end points of the connection as a measure of baseline (ideal line), take each point relative to its deviation from the value of the difference between the maximum and minimum values as straightness errors.This paper will analysis the evaluation method of the three kinds of straightness error depthly，and use three kinds of methods to assess the straightness error through specific experiment，and compare the three kinds of methods depthly and comprehensively.

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This article will analysis and research straightness error evaluation algorithm to ascertain straightness error evaluation algorithm principle, and the establishment of the mathematical model of straightness error evaluation, a brief introduction for the least-squares method and the two end points of the connection method, the mainThe study inclusion line method Bing mathematical model based on inclusion-line method.
Keywords: Straightness;  The method of two end points of the connection ;          The method of least squares

 

目  录
摘  要    I
Abstract    II
第1章绪论    1
1.1国内外直线度测量技术的研究现状    1
1.2直线度公差测量的意义    2
1.3直线度测量的发展方向与目标    3
第2章直线度误差的评定方法    5
2.1评定直线度的最小区域法    5

2.2 用最小二乘法求取直线度误差    10
2.2.1评定直线度误差方法分析    10
2.2.2实例对比分析    10
2.3 圆柱面素线的直线度公差带    15
2.3.1旧标准对圆柱面素线的直线度公差的解释    15
2.3.2新标准对圆柱面素线的直线度公差带的解释    17
2.3.3对新旧标准两种定义的评述    19
2.4利用AutoCAD处理直线度误差    20
2.4.1数据处理原理    20
2.4.2直线度的数据采集    20
2.4.3AutoCAD中数据的绘制和数据分析    21
2.4.4用计算法检验直线度误差值    24
结  语    25
参考文献    26
致   谢    28
 

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